Synthetic case set up. (a) Structure of the synthetic cloud. (b) True physical parameter maps at resolution N_side = 10, 30, and 90 (from left to right). The rows show the maps of the scaling factor κ, the thermal pressure P_th, the intensity of the radiation field G₀, and the visual extinction $A_V^{\text{tot}}$. (c) Simulated observation maps of three out of the ten considered lines, and maps of number of lines with upper limits per pixel.