Example of a temperature profile derived from VeRa radio occultation data for orbit ID 2811 (31 December 2013). (a) 1-km binned profile (dots) and the original profile (line). Binning removes the high-frequency components (see text). (b) Standard deviation of the temperature values that were averaged in each altitude bin, which is an indication of the uncertainty of the binned temperature values. (c) Number of values in each altitude bin. (d) Temperature gradient derived from the temperature profile. (e) Adiabatic lapse rate from Seiff et al. (1980). (f) Static stability, the temperature gradient minus the adiabatic lapse rate.