Number density of all (i.e., central and satellite) galaxies as a function of redshifts above a given stellar mass threshold in cosmosTNG-1. The shaded regions show the variation in number density across all random variations. The solid lines show the respective mean. Left: All galaxies (observational data from Weaver et al. 2023). Right: Quenched galaxies (observational data for quenched galaxy densities from Merlin et al. 2019; Carnall et al. 2020; Gould et al. 2023; Carnall et al. 2023). Observations are compared at face value without observational mock post processing of cosmosTNG. The hatched region at the bottom shows the number density 1/V_sim (i.e., one galaxy within the cosmosTNG simulation volume V_sim).