Fig. 4

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3D dust-void structure for three different values of δ in the gas-dominated regime (St = 0.04), for a planet with Mp = 1.5M⊕. Top: snapshot (calculated at t = 70 orbits) in the case of δ = 10−5. A low-density trench forms in front of the planet instead of a filament. Middle: case with δ = 10−4. The dust-void structure resembles the shape found in 2D simulations but without the high-density ring-shaped barrier. Bottom: dust-void and filament disappearing for δ = 3 × 10−3 (snapshot calculated at t = 100 orbits).
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