Fig. 10.

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Sparsity s200, 500 estimated from the HE masses of the GADGET-X clusters from Gianfagna et al. (2023) at z = 0 (left panel), 0.5 (central panel) and 1.0 (right panel) using the X-ray temperature and gas density profiles (filled goldenrod squares) and SZ pressure profiles (empty blue circles). Values of s200, 500 ≤ 1 correspond to disturbed clusters for which the HE is not satisfied. Some of these are associated to systems with a vanishing or negative HE mass bias at R500 and a significant bias at R200.
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