X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive stars at low metallicity - XII. Clumped winds of O-type (super)giants in the Large Magellanic Cloud

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Volume 697 (May 2025)

A&A, 697 (2025) A54

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Table B.2

Best fit values of wind parameters, Eddington factors and ionising fluxes.

Source	$\log \dot{M}$ $\log \dot{M}$ [M_⊙ yr^-1]	v_∞ [km s^-1]	v_windturb [v_∞]	β	f_cl	f_ic	f_vel	v_cl,start [v_∞]	Γ_Edd,e	log Q₀ [s^-1]	log Q₁ [s^-1]
Presumed single
W61-28-23	$- 6.25 \pm_{0.10}^{0.25}$ ${-}6.25\pm^{0.25}_{0.10}$	$3125 \pm_{150}^{125}$ $3125\pm^{125}_{150}$	$0.04 \pm_{0.04}^{0.04}$ $0.04\pm^{0.04}_{0.04}$	$1.80 \pm_{0.50}^{0.30}$ $1.80\pm^{0.30}_{0.50}$	$(2 \pm_{2}^{13})$ $(2\pm^{13}_{2})$	$(0.29 \pm_{0.26}^{0.15})$ $(0.29\pm^{0.15}_{0.26})$	$(0.40 \pm_{0.30}^{0.60})$ $(0.40\pm^{0.60}_{0.30})$	$(0.07 \pm_{0.02}^{0.23})$ $(0.07\pm^{0.23}_{0.02})$	$0.22 \pm_{0.03}^{0.02}$ $0.22\pm^{0.02}_{0.03}$	49.4	48.7
Sk −67°167	$- 5.66 \pm_{0.08}^{0.13}$ ${-}5.66\pm^{0.13}_{0.08}$	$2375 \pm_{225}^{100}$ $2375\pm^{100}_{225}$	$0.12 \pm_{0.02}^{0.09}$ $0.12\pm^{0.09}_{0.02}$	$0.90 \pm_{0.15}^{0.25}$ $0.90\pm^{0.25}_{0.15}$	$42 \pm_{19}^{5}$ $42\pm^{5}_{19}$	$0.09 \pm_{0.04}^{0.09}$ $0.09\pm^{0.09}_{0.04}$	$0.40 \pm_{0.10}^{0.24}$ $0.40\pm^{0.24}_{0.10}$	$0.07 \pm_{0.02}^{0.04}$ $0.07\pm^{0.04}_{0.02}$	$0.36 \pm_{0.03}^{0.03}$ $0.36\pm^{0.03}_{0.03}$	49.6	48.7
ST 92-4-18	$- 6.08 \pm_{0.18}^{0.05}$ ${-}6.08\pm^{0.05}_{0.18}$	$2350 \pm_{125}^{100}$ $2350\pm^{100}_{125}$	$0.07 \pm_{0.02}^{0.06}$ $0.07\pm^{0.06}_{0.02}$	$1.50 \pm_{0.35}^{0.45}$ $1.50\pm^{0.45}_{0.35}$	$32 \pm_{10}^{19}$ $32\pm^{19}_{10}$	$(0.46 \pm_{0.45}^{0.07})$ $(0.46\pm^{0.07}_{0.45})$	$(0.38 \pm_{0.16}^{0.64})$ $(0.38\pm^{0.64}_{0.16})$	$0.18 \pm_{0.06}^{0.06}$ $0.18\pm^{0.06}_{0.06}$	$0.28 \pm_{0.05}^{0.03}$ $0.28\pm^{0.03}_{0.05}$	49.4	48.6
Sk −67°69	$- 6.18 \pm_{0.23}^{0.03}$ ${-}6.18\pm^{0.03}_{0.23}$	$2550 \pm_{125}^{75}$ $2550\pm^{75}_{125}$	$0.07 \pm_{0.02}^{0.05}$ $0.07\pm^{0.05}_{0.02}$	$1.65 \pm_{0.30}^{0.40}$ $1.65\pm^{0.40}_{0.30}$	$11 \pm_{6}^{18}$ $11\pm^{18}_{6}$	$0.42 \pm_{0.31}^{0.11}$ $0.42\pm^{0.11}_{0.31}$	$0.56 \pm_{0.26}^{0.38}$ $0.56\pm^{0.38}_{0.26}$	$0.08 \pm_{0.02}^{0.05}$ $0.08\pm^{0.05}_{0.02}$	$0.28 \pm_{0.03}^{0.04}$ $0.28\pm^{0.04}_{0.03}$	49.5	48.7
Farina-88	$- 6.35 \pm_{0.15}^{0.06}$ ${-}6.35\pm^{0.06}_{0.15}$	$2750 \pm_{25}^{100}$ $2750\pm^{100}_{25}$	$0.08 \pm_{0.05}^{0.01}$ $0.08\pm^{0.01}_{0.05}$	$1.60 \pm_{0.05}^{0.25}$ $1.60\pm^{0.25}_{0.05}$	$10 \pm_{4}^{8}$ $10\pm^{8}_{4}$	$0.11 \pm_{0.00}^{0.14}$ $0.11\pm^{0.14}_{0.00}$	$0.44 \pm_{0.16}^{0.10}$ $0.44\pm^{0.10}_{0.16}$	$0.06 \pm_{0.04}^{0.01}$ $0.06\pm^{0.01}_{0.04}$	$0.26 \pm_{0.02}^{0.03}$ $0.26\pm^{0.03}_{0.02}$	49.5	48.8
LMCe 078-1	$- 6.01 \pm_{0.08}^{0.18}$ ${-}6.01\pm^{0.18}_{0.08}$	$2325 \pm_{200}^{125}$ $2325\pm^{125}_{200}$	$0.13 \pm_{0.08}^{0.04}$ $0.13\pm^{0.04}_{0.08}$	$1.65 \pm_{0.30}^{0.20}$ $1.65\pm^{0.20}_{0.30}$	$50 \pm_{33}^{1}$ $50\pm^{1}_{33}$	$0.14 \pm_{0.07}^{0.23}$ $0.14\pm^{0.23}_{0.07}$	$0.74 \pm_{0.22}^{0.28}$ $0.74\pm^{0.28}_{0.22}$	$0.28 \pm_{0.05}^{0.03}$ $0.28\pm^{0.03}_{0.05}$	$0.24 \pm_{0.02}^{0.03}$ $0.24\pm^{0.03}_{0.02}$	49.3	48.4
Sk −67°111	$- 6.01 \pm_{0.08}^{0.15}$ ${-}6.01\pm^{0.15}_{0.08}$	$2000 \pm_{100}^{125}$ $2000\pm^{125}_{100}$	$0.08 \pm_{0.04}^{0.04}$ $0.08\pm^{0.04}_{0.04}$	$1.70 \pm_{0.30}^{0.75}$ $1.70\pm^{0.75}_{0.30}$	$31 \pm_{15}^{14}$ $31\pm^{14}_{15}$	$0.28 \pm_{0.23}^{0.23}$ $0.28\pm^{0.23}_{0.23}$	$(0.82 \pm_{0.46}^{0.18})$ $(0.82\pm^{0.18}_{0.46})$	$0.14 \pm_{0.03}^{0.08}$ $0.14\pm^{0.08}_{0.03}$	$0.32 \pm_{0.02}^{0.04}$ $0.32\pm^{0.04}_{0.02}$	49.4	48.3
N11-018	$- 6.03 \pm_{0.08}^{0.15}$ ${-}6.03\pm^{0.15}_{0.08}$	$2300 \pm_{125}^{75}$ $2300\pm^{75}_{125}$	$0.10 \pm_{0.03}^{0.04}$ $0.10\pm^{0.04}_{0.03}$	$1.75 \pm_{0.50}^{0.25}$ $1.75\pm^{0.25}_{0.50}$	$48 \pm_{24}^{3}$ $48\pm^{3}_{24}$	$0.38 \pm_{0.24}^{0.14}$ $0.38\pm^{0.14}_{0.24}$	$0.92 \pm_{0.30}^{0.10}$ $0.92\pm^{0.10}_{0.30}$	$0.29 \pm_{0.05}^{0.01}$ $0.29\pm^{0.01}_{0.05}$	$0.30 \pm_{0.03}^{0.02}$ $0.30\pm^{0.02}_{0.03}$	49.4	48.4
Sk −69°50	$- 6.16 \pm_{0.13}^{0.03}$ ${-}6.16\pm^{0.03}_{0.13}$	$1925 \pm_{150}^{25}$ $1925\pm^{25}_{150}$	$0.14 \pm_{0.01}^{0.04}$ $0.14\pm^{0.04}_{0.01}$	$0.95 \pm_{0.05}^{0.10}$ $0.95\pm^{0.10}_{0.05}$	$35 \pm_{4}^{8}$ $35\pm^{8}_{4}$	$0.23 \pm_{0.02}^{0.06}$ $0.23\pm^{0.06}_{0.02}$	$(0.04 \pm_{0.02}^{0.04})$ $(0.04\pm^{0.04}_{0.02})$	$0.14 \pm_{0.01}^{0.03}$ $0.14\pm^{0.03}_{0.01}$	$0.23 \pm_{0.01}^{0.01}$ $0.23\pm^{0.01}_{0.01}$	49.1	47.9
Sk −71°50	$- 6.43 \pm_{0.05}^{0.13}$ ${-}6.43\pm^{0.13}_{0.05}$	$1875 \pm_{125}^{50}$ $1875\pm^{50}_{125}$	$0.14 \pm_{0.01}^{0.06}$ $0.14\pm^{0.06}_{0.01}$	$1.25 \pm_{0.30}^{0.30}$ $1.25\pm^{0.30}_{0.30}$	$43 \pm_{18}^{2}$ $43\pm^{2}_{18}$	$0.32 \pm_{0.23}^{0.01}$ $0.32\pm^{0.01}_{0.23}$	$0.52 \pm_{0.04}^{0.30}$ $0.52\pm^{0.30}_{0.04}$	$0.14 \pm_{0.04}^{0.04}$ $0.14\pm^{0.04}_{0.04}$	$0.23 \pm_{0.02}^{0.01}$ $0.23\pm^{0.01}_{0.02}$	49.1	48.1
Sk −69°104	$- 5.93 - 0.15 0.13$ ${-}5.93\pm^{0.13}_{0.15}$	$2700 \pm_{200}^{225}$ $2700\pm^{225}_{200}$	$0.20 \pm_{0.10}^{0.08}$ $0.20\pm^{0.08}_{0.10}$	$0.75 \pm_{0.15}^{0.25}$ $0.75\pm^{0.25}_{0.15}$	$44 \pm_{24}^{8}$ $44\pm^{8}_{24}$	$0.05 \pm_{0.02}^{0.03}$ $0.05\pm^{0.03}_{0.02}$	$0.28 \pm_{0.10}^{0.20}$ $0.28\pm^{0.20}_{0.10}$	$0.03 \pm_{0.02}^{0.05}$ $0.03\pm^{0.05}_{0.02}$	$0.37 \pm_{0.02}^{0.03}$ $0.37\pm^{0.03}_{0.02}$	49.4	48.3
Sk −68°16	$- 6.22 \pm_{0.15}^{0.13}$ ${-}6.22\pm^{0.13}_{0.15}$	$2400 \pm_{75}^{250}$ $2400\pm^{250}_{75}$	$0.14 \pm_{0.10}^{0.16}$ $0.14\pm^{0.16}_{0.10}$	$1.70 \pm_{0.40}^{0.35}$ $1.70\pm^{0.35}_{0.40}$	$45 \pm_{17}^{7}$ $45\pm^{7}_{17}$	$0.03 \pm_{0.02}^{0.04}$ $0.03\pm^{0.04}_{0.02}$	$0.50 \pm_{0.20}^{0.20}$ $0.50\pm^{0.20}_{0.20}$	$0.29 \pm_{0.04}^{0.01}$ $0.29\pm^{0.01}_{0.04}$	$0.28 \pm_{0.03}^{0.02}$ $0.28\pm^{0.02}_{0.03}$	49.3	48.3
LH 9-34	$- 5.80 \pm_{0.30}^{0.15}$ ${-}5.80\pm^{0.15}_{0.30}$	$1500 \pm_{100}^{75}$ $1500\pm^{75}_{100}$	$0.09 \pm_{0.01}^{0.07}$ $0.09\pm^{0.07}_{0.01}$	$1.15 \pm_{0.15}^{0.60}$ $1.15\pm^{0.60}_{0.15}$	$6 \pm_{4}^{11}$ $6\pm^{11}_{4}$	$0.38 \pm_{0.17}^{0.02}$ $0.38\pm^{0.02}_{0.17}$	$0.92 \pm_{0.22}^{0.08}$ $0.92\pm^{0.08}_{0.22}$	$0.10 \pm_{0.04}^{0.14}$ $0.10\pm^{0.14}_{0.04}$	$0.33 \pm_{0.03}^{0.03}$ $0.33\pm^{0.03}_{0.03}$	49.2	47.7
Sk −66°171	$- 6.18 \pm_{0.08}^{0.55}$ ${-}6.18\pm^{0.55}_{0.08}$	$1850 \pm_{100}^{75}$ $1850\pm^{75}_{100}$	$0.17 \pm_{0.06}^{0.02}$ $0.17\pm^{0.02}_{0.06}$	$1.60 \pm_{0.30}^{0.70}$ $1.60\pm^{0.70}_{0.30}$	$(41 \pm_{35}^{1})$ $(41\pm^{1}_{35})$	$(0.08 \pm_{0.05}^{0.07})$ $(0.08\pm^{0.07}_{0.05})$	$(0.90 \pm_{0.20}^{0.08})$ $(0.90\pm^{0.08}_{0.20})$	$(0.06 \pm_{0.04}^{0.18})$ $(0.06\pm^{0.18}_{0.04})$	$0.36 \pm_{0.06}^{0.03}$ $0.36\pm^{0.03}_{0.06}$	49.3	47.9
Sk −71°41	$- 6.55 \pm_{0.05}^{0.18}$ ${-}6.55\pm^{0.18}_{0.05}$	$1850 \pm_{175}^{75}$ $1850\pm^{75}_{175}$	$0.18 \pm_{0.11}^{0.06}$ $0.18\pm^{0.06}_{0.11}$	$2.90 \pm_{0.25}^{0.65}$ $2.90\pm^{0.65}_{0.25}$	$30 \pm_{8}^{19}$ $30\pm^{19}_{8}$	$(0.25 \pm_{0.23}^{0.19})$ $(0.25\pm^{0.19}_{0.23})$	$0.76 \pm_{0.12}^{0.20}$ $0.76\pm^{0.20}_{0.12}$	$0.04 \pm_{0.01}^{0.07}$ $0.04\pm^{0.07}_{0.01}$	$0.31 \pm_{0.04}^{0.03}$ $0.31\pm^{0.03}_{0.04}$	49.1	47.4
Sk −67°5	$- 6.64 \pm_{0.13}^{0.15}$ ${-}6.64\pm^{0.15}_{0.13}$	$1425 \pm_{75}^{75}$ $1425\pm^{75}_{75}$	$0.14 \pm_{0.04}^{0.06}$ $0.14\pm^{0.06}_{0.04}$	$2.25 \pm_{0.90}^{0.50}$ $2.25\pm^{0.50}_{0.90}$	$34 \pm_{8}^{17}$ $34\pm^{17}_{8}$	$0.18 \pm_{0.10}^{0.25}$ $0.18\pm^{0.25}_{0.10}$	$0.82 \pm_{0.68}^{0.10}$ $0.82\pm^{0.10}_{0.68}$	$0.10 \pm_{0.06}^{0.07}$ $0.10\pm^{0.07}_{0.06}$	$0.23 \pm_{0.02}^{0.03}$ $0.23\pm^{0.03}_{0.02}$	48.4	45.6
Signs of binarity
LH 114-7	$- 6.46 \pm_{0.20}^{0.10}$ ${-}6.46\pm^{0.10}_{0.20}$	$3425 \pm_{375}^{350}$ $3425\pm^{350}_{375}$	$0.27 \pm_{0.14}^{0.04}$ $0.27\pm^{0.04}_{0.14}$	$1.00 \pm_{0.20}^{0.25}$ $1.00\pm^{0.25}_{0.20}$	$24 \pm_{5}^{28}$ $24\pm^{28}_{5}$	$0.36 \pm_{0.33}^{0.16}$ $0.36\pm^{0.16}_{0.33}$	$0.42 \pm_{0.26}^{0.54}$ $0.42\pm^{0.54}_{0.26}$	$0.01 \pm_{0.01}^{0.04}$ $0.01\pm^{0.04}_{0.01}$	$0.47 \pm_{0.12}^{0.03}$ $0.47\pm^{0.03}^{0.12}$	49.8	49.3
VFTS-267	$- 6.15 \pm_{0.03}^{0.18}$ ${-}6.15\pm^{0.18}_{0.03}$	$2700 \pm_{75}^{200}$ $2700\pm^{200}_{75}$	$0.04 \pm_{0.03}^{0.07}$ $0.04\pm^{0.07}_{0.03}$	$1.70 \pm_{0.40}^{0.40}$ $1.70\pm^{0.40}_{0.40}$	$51 \pm_{21}^{1}$ $51\pm^{1}_{21}$	$0.05 \pm_{0.02}^{0.07}$ $0.05\pm^{0.07}_{0.02}$	$0.26 \pm_{0.24}^{0.40}$ $0.26\pm^{0.40}_{0.24}$	$0.10 \pm_{0.01}^{0.04}$ $0.10\pm^{0.04}_{0.01}$	$0.35 \pm_{0.04}^{0.04}$ $0.35\pm^{0.04}_{0.04}$	49.7	48.9
Sk −71°46	$- 5.68 \pm_{0.10}^{0.10}$ ${-}5.68\pm^{0.10}_{0.10}$	$2575 \pm_{100}^{100}$ $2575\pm^{100}_{100}$	$0.06 \pm_{0.01}^{0.04}$ $0.06\pm^{0.04}_{0.01}$	$1.70 \pm_{0.30}^{0.20}$ $1.70\pm^{0.20}_{0.30}$	$29 \pm_{7}^{16}$ $29\pm^{16}_{7}$	$(0.50 \pm_{0.49}^{0.02})$ $(0.50\pm^{0.02}_{0.49})$	$0.96 \pm_{0.18}^{0.06}$ $0.96\pm^{0.06}_{0.18}$	$0.29 \pm_{0.04}^{0.01}$ $0.29\pm^{0.01}_{0.04}$	$0.34 \pm_{0.02}^{0.03}$ $0.34\pm^{0.03}_{0.02}$	49.6	48.7
Sk −67°108	$- 6.37 \pm_{0.15}^{0.10}$ ${-}6.37\pm^{0.10}_{0.15}$	$2675 \pm_{125}^{125}$ $2675\pm^{125}_{125}$	$0.03 \pm_{0.04}^{0.07}$ $0.03\pm^{0.07}_{0.04}$	$1.35 \pm_{0.40}^{0.15}$ $1.35\pm^{0.15}_{0.40}$	$36 \pm_{13}^{5}$ $36\pm^{5}_{13}$	$0.10 \pm_{0.06}^{0.00}$ $0.10\pm^{0.00}_{0.06}$	$0.02 \pm_{0.02}^{0.06}$ $0.02\pm^{0.06}_{0.02}$	$0.04 \pm_{0.02}^{0.01}$ $0.04\pm^{0.01}_{0.02}$	$0.37 \pm_{0.03}^{0.03}$ $0.37\pm^{0.03}_{0.03}$	49.7	49.0
Sk −71°19	$- 7.20 \pm_{0.33}^{0.04}$ ${-}7.20\pm^{0.04}_{0.33}$	$1575 \pm_{275}^{225}$ $1575\pm^{225}_{275}$	$0.20 \pm_{0.20}^{0.07}$ $0.20\pm^{0.07}_{0.20}$	$0.75 \pm_{0.10}^{0.65}$ $0.75\pm^{0.65}_{0.10}$	$40 \pm_{19}^{9}$ $40\pm^{9}_{19}$	$0.01 \pm_{0.00}^{0.01}$ $0.01\pm^{0.01}_{0.00}$	$0.02 \pm_{0.02}^{0.06}$ $0.02\pm^{0.06}_{0.02}$	$0.10 \pm_{0.04}^{0.06}$ $0.10\pm^{0.06}_{0.04}$	$0.13 \pm_{0.01}^{0.01}$ $0.13\pm^{0.01}_{0.01}$	48.8	48.0
Sk −70°115	$- 5.73 \pm_{0.13}^{0.08}$ ${-}5.73\pm^{0.08}_{0.13}$	$2150 \pm_{125}^{100}$ $2150\pm^{100}_{125}$	$0.04 \pm_{0.03}^{0.04}$ $0.04\pm^{0.04}_{0.03}$	$1.25 \pm_{0.45}^{0.15}$ $1.25\pm^{0.15}_{0.45}$	$33 \pm_{5}^{17}$ $33\pm^{17}_{5}$	$0.14 \pm_{0.06}^{0.13}$ $0.14\pm^{0.13}_{0.06}$	$0.08 \pm_{0.08}^{0.18}$ $0.08\pm^{0.18}_{0.08}$	$0.05 \pm_{0.04}^{0.03}$ $0.05\pm^{0.03}_{0.04}$	$0.43 \pm_{0.04}^{0.04}$ $0.43\pm^{0.04}_{0.04}$	49.7	48.6
BI 173	$- 6.71 \pm_{0.13}^{0.18}$ ${-}6.71\pm^{0.18}_{0.13}$	$2725 \pm_{250}^{475}$ $2725\pm^{475}_{250}$	$0.03 \pm_{0.03}^{0.28}$ $0.03\pm^{0.28}_{0.03}$	$3.50 \pm_{0.50}^{0.05}$ $3.50\pm^{0.05}_{0.50}$	$(11 \pm_{11}^{36})$ $(11\pm^{36}_{11})$	$(0.08 \pm_{0.05}^{0.06})$ $(0.08\pm^{0.06}_{0.05})$	$(0.22 \pm_{0.22}^{0.36})$ $(0.22\pm^{0.36}_{0.22})$	$(0.28 \pm_{0.07}^{0.03})$ $(0.28\pm^{0.03}_{0.07})$	$0.30 \pm_{0.02}^{0.04}$ $0.30\pm^{0.04}_{0.02}$	49.1	47.8
$- 5.85 \pm_{0.10}^{0.13}$ ${-}5.85\pm^{0.13}_{0.10}$	$1600 \pm_{50}^{50}$ $1600\pm^{50}_{50}$	$0.08 \pm_{0.04}^{0.01}$ $0.08\pm^{0.01}_{0.04}$	$1.65 \pm_{0.15}^{0.35}$ $1.65\pm^{0.35}_{0.15}$	$17 \pm_{7}^{10}$ $17\pm^{10}_{7}$	$0.22 \pm_{0.15}^{0.31}$ $0.22\pm^{0.31}_{0.15}$	$0.90 \pm_{0.10}^{0.10}$ $0.90\pm^{0.10}_{0.10}$	$0.26 \pm_{0.05}^{0.05}$ $0.26\pm^{0.05}_{0.05}$	$0.36 \pm_{0.02}^{0.03}$ $0.36\pm^{0.03}_{0.02}$	49.3	47.6

Notes: All values in this table are results from the combined optical and UV run. The electron scattering Eddington parameter is defined as Γ_e = L_{κ_e}/4πcGM, where we adopt κ_e = 0.34 (Sanyal et al. 2015) and M = M_evol; for LH 114-7 M_evol could not be derived and we use M = M_spec. The H and He I ionising fluxes Q₀, Q₁ are defined as $Q_{x} = q_{x} 4 π R_{*}^{2}$ $Q_x = q_x 4 \pi R_*^2$ , with q_x the ionising radiation (number of photons) per unit surface area per second and x ∈ {0, 1}. The values that appear within brackets have 2σ uncertainties that span the full parameter space; they are not considered for the wind structure parameter analysis (Section 5.3).

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