The physically motivated X-ray torus models, used in this work. Left: The image shows the cross-section view of the borus02 geometry, adopted from Baloković et al. (2018), featuring a uniform spherical shape with biconical cuts along the poles. This can be made into an approximation of a clumpy medium by decoupling the LOS column density and the average column density derived from the reflection medium. The inclination angle (θ_inc or θ_i) and the covering factor (derived from θ_tor) is measured from the vertical axis. Middle: The UXCLUMPY model, from Buchner et al. (2019), consists of cloud clumps dispersed within a spherical geometry, including a component of Compton-thick clouds along the equatorial plane. The image shows a 2D projection of the clouds onto the sky. Right: The cross-section view of the XClumpy model, assuming spherical clumps distributed according to a powerlaw along the radial direction and a Gaussian distribution along the vertical axis. This figure is adopted from Tanimoto et al. (2019), showing θ as the inclination angle measured from the vertical axis and σ as the torus angular width measured from the horizontal axis.