Fig. 2

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Top: survival probability of period ratios (shading from lighter to darker) immediately after a star with a mass of Mfb = 1 M⊙ flies by a three-planet system with (0.75, 1, 1.25) Jupiter masses in 3:2-3:2 (left) and 2:1-2:1 (right) resonant chains and leaves the surroundings of the system to a distance >1000 au, considering different inclinations and distances relative to the orbital plane of the planets. Bottom: cumulative distribution function (CDF) for the possible outcomes of the simulations: collisions with the star and ejections (red dashed line), survival of the period ratios (their resonant angles not necessarily librating, in solid purple), systems where period ratios do not remain commensurate (green), plotted against the pericentric distance of the flyby star relative to the outermost planet.
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