Growth timescales for pebble accretion (settling mechanism, red) and Safronov accretion (gravitational focusing in the absence of gas drag; yellow) for a velocity parameter of σ = Δv/v_K = 10⁻³, dimensionless stopping time τ_s = 2 × 10⁻³, and internal density parameter χ_• = 5 × 10⁻⁴. The critical mass q_* = σ³ τ_s (or rather a fraction of this number; vertical dashed line) indicates the point where the settling mechanism becomes operational. In the case where the approach velocity is due to turbulence, such that Δv follows a distribution, the transition is more gradual (thin red line). Pebble accretion acts on the high-mass tail of the distribution where the length of the arrows is proportional to the growth rate (Equation (10); gray).