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Fig. 5.

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Time evolution of the ratio between the specific nuclear energy generation rate ϵnuc and the neutrino loss rate ϵν at the location of the C, Ne, and O-burning fronts for models with the same core mass and different central carbon abundances. The dashed horizontal line indicates where ϵnuc = ϵν. When the energy ratio significantly exceeds this line, convection occurs (Sukhbold & Adams 2020). With a decreasing core carbon abundance, the core becomes more neutrino dominated and neon burning, followed by oxygen burning, occur earlier. As highlighted in the red boxes, this temporarily suppresses carbon burning.

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