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Table 1

Volatile components in complex atmosphere compositions above a BSE lava ocean considered in this work.

Atmosphere type C [w%] H [w%] N [w%] S [w%] P [w%] O [w%]
Archetypal complex atmospheres
C dominated 80.00 10.00 9 0.50 0.50
H dominated 1.00 80.00 18.00 0.50 0.50
N dominated 1.00 18.00 80.00 0.50 0.50
S dominated 5.00 1.00 4.00 60.00 30.00
55-Cnc e best fits (Hu et al. 2024)
Carbon poor 9.09e-6 99.01 0.90 3.33e-6 6.67e-6 9.09e-7
Carbon rich 0.91 79.21 0.79 6.67 3.33 9.09

Notes. The percentages are relative to the total amount of volatiles (C, H, N, S and P) added. The first four compositions, labelled “archetypal complex atmospheres”, are first-order approximations of possible atmospheres dominated by one of the volatile elements. The other two compositions, labelled “55-Cnc e best fits” are volatile atmospheres that were found to be consistent with recent JWST MIRI and NIRCam observations of 55-Cnc e (Hu et al. 2024).

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