Open Access
Table 3
Observations and best-fit simulations of HC3N/N2H+, HC3N/H2, and N2H+/H2 in HMSFRs.
| Ratio | Observation | Median value (a) | Within 104 AU in model 4 | Within 105 AU in model 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HMSC stage | ||||
| HC3N/N2H+ | 0.0247 – 0.298 | 0.136 | 0.135 | 0.154 |
| HC3N/H2 | 2.53 × 10−11 – 5.61 × 10−10 | 8.74 × 10−11 | 1.28 × 10−10 | 8.35 × 10−11 |
| N2H+/H2 | 7.79 × 10−11 – 2.44 × 10−9 | 1.02 × 10−9 | 9.47 × 10−10 | 5.43 × 10−10 |
| κ | – | – | 0.947 | 0.908 |
| ttotal (yr) | – | – | 2.78 × 104 | 3.00 × 104 |
| HMPO stage | ||||
| HC3N/N2H+ | 0.0446 – 0.941 | 0.303 | 0.301 | 0.298 |
| HC3N/H2 | 4.73 × 10−11 – 3.15 × 10−10 | 1.01 × 10−10 | 1.21 × 10−10 | 1.42 × 10−10 |
| N2H+/H2 | 2.54 × 10−10 – 1.06 × 10−9 | 4.86 × 10−10 | 4.01 × 10−10 | 4.78 × 10−10 |
| κ | – | – | 0.956 | 0.957 |
| ttotal (yr) | – | – | 3.09 × 104 | 3.12 × 104 |
| UCHII stage | ||||
| HC3N/N2H+ | 0.398–2.41 | 0.777 | 1.08 | 0.775 |
| HC3N/H2 | 9.37 × 10−11 – 4.32 × 10−10 | 2.34 × 10−10 | 2.33 × 10−10 | 3.04 × 10−10 |
| N2H+/H2 | 1.94 × 10−10 – 5.62 × 10−10 | 3.02 × 10−10 | 2.16 × 10−10 | 3.92 × 10−10 |
| κ | – | – | 0.923 | 0.940 |
| ttotal (yr) | – | – | 1.12 × 105 | 9.67 × 104 |
Notes. (a) The median values are derived from observations proposed by Taniguchi et al. (2019b) and Wang et al. (2023).
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.