Table 2
Column densities used in the synthetic spectra.
| Column density (molecules cm−2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (% H2O) | |||
| Molecule | Dense cloud | LYSO | MYSO |
| H2O | 9.3×1018 | 5.0×1018 | 5.0×1018 |
| CO | 2.3×1018 (25.0%) | 1.3×1018 (25.0%) | 3.5×1017 (7.0%) |
| CO2 | 2.4×1018 (26.0%) | 1.3×1018 (26.0%) | 9.5×1017 (19.0%) |
| CH3OH | 7.4×1017 (8.0%) | 3.0×1018 (6.0%) | 4.5×1017 (9.0%) |
| NH3 | 0 | 3.5×1017 (7.0%) | 3.5×1017 (7.0%) |
 |
0 | 4.0×1017 (8.0%) | 5.5×1017 (11.0%) |
| CH4 | 0 | 1.5×1017 (3.0%) | 1.0×1017 (2.0%) |
| OCN− | 0 | 2.0×1017 (4.0%) | 3.0×1016 (0.6%) |
| HCOOH | 3.7×1017 (4%) | 1.0×1017 (2.0%) | 2.0×1017 (4.0%) |
| CH3CHO | 0 | 5.0×1017 (1.0%) | 2.7×1017 (5.5%) |
| H2CO | 0 | 1.0×1017 (2.0%) | 2.5×1017 (5.0%) |
| Detection thresholds of sulphur species (assuming rms level derived from McClure et al. (2023), of 0.003 and 0.005 mJy for NIRSpec and MIRI respectively) | |||
| H2S (1 mJy) | 4.6×1016 (0.5%) | 5.5×1016 (1.1%) | 5.0×1016 (1.0%) |
| H2S (0.10 mJy) | 3.5×1017 (3.8%) | 4.4×1017 (8.9%) | 3.9×1017 (7.9%) |
| H2S (0.04 mJy) | 6.4×1017 (6.9%) | 8.7×1017 (17.5%) | 7.7×1017 (15.5%) |
| OCS (1 mJy) | 1.8×1015 (0.02%) | 2.5×1015 (0.05%) | 2.5×1015 (0.05%) |
| OCS (0.1 mJy) | 1.8×1016 (0.2%) | 2.2×1016 (0.45%) | 2.5×1016 (0.5%) |
| OCS (0.04 mJy) | 3.7×1016 (0.4%) | 5.0×1016 (1.0%) | 6.0×1016 (1.2%) |
| CS2 (1 mJy) | 5.6×1015 (0.06%) | 5.0×1015 (0.1%) | 4.0×1015 (0.08%) |
| CS2 (0.1 mJy) | 3.7×1016 (0.4%) | 3.0×1016 (0.6%) | 2.5×1016 (0.5%) |
| CS2 (0.04 mJy) | 7.4×1017 (0.8%) | 5.0×1016 (1.0%) | 8.0×1016 (1.6%) |
| SO2 (1 mJy) | 7.4×1015 (0.08%) | 7.5×1015 (0.15%) | 6.0×1015 (0.12%) |
| SO2 (0.1 mJy) | 4.6×1016 (0.5%) | 6.0×1017 (1.2%) | 4.0×1017 (0.8%) |
| SO2 (0.04 mJy) | 9.3×1016 (1.0%) | 1.0×1017 (2.1%) | 8.5×1016 (1.7%) |
| S8 | Undetectable assuming all cosmic S abundance locked in the ices | ||
Notes. Column densities used in each synthetic spectrum, in parenthesis the abundance relative to water. Except for water, all values are extracted from Table 2 in Boogert et al. (2015). The 5σ detection thresholds are listed for each S-carrier at each continuum level for all three environments. These thresholds are computed from the rms value derived from McClure et al. (2023).
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.