Issue |
A&A
Volume 509, January 2010
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A67 | |
Number of page(s) | 9 | |
Section | Atomic, molecular, and nuclear data | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200913040 | |
Published online | 20 January 2010 |
The fate of S-bearing species after ion irradiation of interstellar icy grain mantles
1
INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy e-mail: [mga;mepalumbo]@oact.inaf.it
2
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Italy
3
Astronomical Institute of Slovak Academy of Science, 059 60, T. Lomnica, Slovakia
Received:
31
July
2009
Accepted:
8
October
2009
Context. Chemical models predict the presence of S-bearing molecules such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in interstellar icy grain mantles in dense molecular clouds. Up to now only two S-bearing molecules, namely sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbonyl sulfide (OCS), have been detected in the solid phase towards young stellar objects (YSOs), while upper limits for solid H2S have been reported towards the same lines of sight. The estimated abundance of S-bearing molecules in icy grain mantles is not able to account for the cosmic S abundance.
Aims. In this paper we studied the effects of ion irradiation on different icy targets formed by carbon monoxide (CO) and SO2 or H2S as mixtures and, for the first time, as layers.
Methods. We carried out several irradiation experiments on ices containing SO2 or H2S mixed or layered with CO. The samples were irradiated with 200 keV protons in a high-vacuum chamber ( mbar) at a temperature of 16–20 K. IR spectra of the samples were recorded after various steps of irradiation and after warm-up.
Results. We have found that the column density of H2S and SO2, as well as CO, decreases after irradiation, and the formation of new molecular species is observed. In the case of CO:SO2 samples, OCS, sulfur trioxide (SO3), ozone (O3), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the most abundant species formed. In the case of CO:H2S samples the most abundant species formed are OCS, SO2, carbon disulfide (CS2), hydrogen persulfide (H2S2), and CO2. The profile of the OCS band formed after irradiation of the CO:H2S mixture compares well with the profile of the OCS band detected towards the high mass YSO W33A.
Conclusions. Our results show that on a time scale comparable to the molecular cloud lifetime, the column density of H2S is strongly reduced and we suggest that this could explain the failure of its detection in the solid phase in the lines of sight of YSOs. We suggest that the solid OCS and SO2 detected in dense molecular clouds are formed after ion irradiation of icy grain mantles.
Key words: astrochemistry / molecular processes / methods: laboratory / techniques: spectroscopic, ISM: molecules / ISM: abundances
© ESO, 2010
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