Separating deterministic and stochastic gravitational wave signals in realistic pulsar timing array datasets

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Volume 694 (February 2025)

A&A, 694 (2025) A194

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Table 4.

CURN + CGW and GWB + CGW search results on all five datasets containing either a GWB or a CGW.

Dataset	$B_{CURN}^{CURN + CGW}$ $\mathcal{B}^{\mathrm{CURN+CGW}}_{\mathrm{CURN}}$	f_cgw [nHz]	log₁₀h_cgw	$B_{GWB}^{GWB + CGW}$ $\mathcal{B}^{\mathrm{GWB+CGW}}_{\mathrm{GWB}}$	log₁₀A_GWB	γ_GWB	log₁₀h_95%
injGWB01	3.6	$2 . 48_{- 1.21}^{+ 14.01}$ $2.48_{-1.21}^{+14.01}$	$- 14 . 12_{- 0.84}^{+ 0.63}$ $-14.12_{-0.84}^{+0.63}$	0.75	$- 14 . 71_{- 0.37}^{+ 0.30}$ $-14.71_{-0.37}^{+0.30}$	$4 . 49_{- 0.70}^{+ 0.65}$ $4.49_{-0.70}^{+0.65}$	−14.19
injGWB02	1.0	$3 . 42_{- 1.22}^{+ 23.58}$ $3.42_{-1.22}^{+23.58}$	$- 14 . 29_{- 0.93}^{+ 0.19}$ $-14.29_{-0.93}^{+0.19}$	0.7	$- 14 . 16_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.11}$ $-14.16^{+0.11}_{-0.19}$	$3 . 41_{- 0.24}^{+ 0.35}$ $3.41^{+0.35}_{-0.24}$	−13.92
injGWB03	1.3	$4 . 71_{- 2.57}^{+ 31.31}$ $4.71_{-2.57}^{+31.31}$	$- 14 . 40_{- 1.11}^{+ 0.62}$ $-14.40_{-1.11}^{+0.62}$	0.6	$- 14 . 46_{- 0.16}^{+ 0.15}$ $-14.46_{-0.16}^{+0.15}$	$4 . 07_{- 0.30}^{+ 0.32}$ $4.07_{-0.30}^{+0.32}$	−13.71
injCGW5	> 1000	$5 . 07_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.04}$ $5.07_{-0.06}^{+0.04}$	$- 13 . 90_{- 0.16}^{+ 0.14}$ $-13.90_{-0.16}^{+0.14}$	> 1000	$- 15 . 57_{- 1.17}^{+ 0.99}$ $-15.57_{-1.17}^{+0.99}$	$4 . 33_{- 2.19}^{+ 1.59}$ $4.33_{-2.19}^{+1.59}$	–
injCGW20	> 1000	$20 . 04_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.08}$ $20.04_{-0.06}^{+0.08}$	$- 13 . 66_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.11}$ $-13.66_{-0.10}^{+0.11}$	> 1000	$- 14 . 09_{- 1.37}^{+ 0.19}$ $-14.09_{-1.37}^{+0.19}$	$2 . 84_{- 0.45}^{+ 1.81}$ $2.84_{-0.45}^{+1.81}$	–

Notes. Columns are: 1) dataset to which the search is applied, 2) Bayes factor of CURN + CGW vs. CURN models, 3) median and 68% credible interval of the CGW frequency and 4) CGW amplitude recovered with the CURN + CGW model, 5) Bayes factor of GWB + CGW vs. GWB models, 6) median and 68% of the GWB amplitude and 7) GWB slope recovered with GWB + CGW model, 8) 95% upper limit on the CGW amplitude recovered with the GWB + CGW model. The last column is not reported for the injCGW datasets, for which the CGW was detected and the posterior on its amplitude well constrained.

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