Fig. 9

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Comparison between the energy-dependent onset times of the November 22, 1998 SEP event observed by SOHO/ERNE found by the Poisson-CUSUM bootstrap hybrid method (blue and green) and the classical Poisson-CUSUM (red). The vertical axis marks the onset time, and the horizontal axis, 1/β = c/v, is the inverse unitless speed of the protons. The horizontal error bars represent the widths of the ERNE proton energy channels, and the vertical error bars represent the uncertainty in time, which is the ~95% confidence interval for the hybrid method. For the red onset times, the horizontal error is not plotted because it is identical to the green and blue data points, but the vertical error bars (±30 s = data time resolution) are shown. The velocity dispersion analysis applied on the onset times found by the hybrid method using orthogonal distance regression yields a path length of 1.6 AU and an injection time of 06:38.
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