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Table 1

Fundamental properties of Jupiter and Saturn.

Jupiter Saturn
Mass (a) (1024 kg) 1898.16 ± 0.15 568.463 ± 0.016
Equatorial radius (b) (km) 71492 ± 4 60268 ± 4
Absorbed power (c) (W m−2) 6.613 ± 0.160 2.04 ± 0.17
Internal energy flux (c) (W m−2) 7.485 ± 0.163 2.84 ± 0.20
Total energy flux (W m−2) 14.098 ± 0.031 4.88 ± 0.11
1-bar temperature (d) (K) 170±5 135±5

Notes. (a) Campbell & Synnott (1985) for Jupiter; Jacobson et al. (2006) for Saturn. (b) Lindal et al. (1981) for Jupiter; Lindal et al. (1985) for Saturn. (c) Li et al. (2018) for Jupiter; Wang et al. (2024) for Saturn. (d) Seiff et al. (1998) and Gupta et al. (2022) for Jupiter; Lindal et al. (1985) for Saturn.

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