Open Access
Table A.1.
All 84 features used in the feature selection.
| No. | Feature | Description |
| Selected features for the clustering analysis | ||
| 1 | log_sigvar* | Significance of variability in the G band in a log scale |
| 2 | frac_period* | Period over the standard deviation (std) of the three band Gaia lightcurve periods |
| 3 | std* | Standard deviation of the G, BP, and RP periods |
| 4 | fapG* | False alarm probability of the Lomb-Scargle dominant frequency peak (G band) |
| 5 | fapRP* | False alarm probability of the Lomb-Scargle dominant frequency peak (RP band) |
| 6 | fapBP* | False alarm probability of the Lomb-Scargle dominant frequency peak (BP band) |
| 7 | Period_G* | Derived period from the G-band lightcurve |
| 8 | Period_BP* | Derived period in the BP-band lightcurve |
| 9 | period_RP* | Derived period in the RP-band lightcurve |
| 10 | amp_G* | Amplitude of variability in the G band (mag.) |
| 11 | amp_BP* | Amplitude of variability in the BP band (mag.) |
| 12 | kurtosisG* | G-band kurtosis of the periodogram |
| 13 | p99* | 99th percentile of all periodogram peaks based on the G-band lightcurves |
| 14 | p95_100* | 95th percentile of the first 100 frequency peaks based on the G-band lightcurves |
| 15 | n05* | Number of peaks above 0.5 of the normalised Ψ− periodogram based on the G band |
| 16 | psi_sigvar* | G-band median absolute deviation of the periodogram |
| 17 | bp_rp ∤ | BP−RP colour |
| 18 | range_mag_g_fov | The range of the G-band time series |
| 19 | abbe_mag_g_fov | The Abbe value of the G-band time series |
| 20 | iqr_mag_g_fov | The Interquartile Range (IQR) of the G-band time series |
| 21 | mad_mag_g_fov | The Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) of the G-band time series |
| 22 | stetson_mag_g_fov | The single-band Stetson variability index |
| 23 | abbe_mag_bp | The Abbe value of the BP-band time series |
| 24 | abbe_mag_rp | The Abbe value of the RP-band time series |
| 25 | outlier_median_g_fov | Greatest absolute deviation from the G median normalised by the error |
| 26 | skewness_mag_bp | The standardised unbiased unweighted skewness of the BP-band time series |
| 27 | std_dev_over_rms_err_mag_g_fov | S/N ratio G estimate |
| Excluded features in the feature selection processes | ||
| 28 | G_abs* | Gaia G absolute magnitude |
| 29 | N_G* | Number of observations in the G band. |
| 30 | N_BP* | Number of observations in the BP band |
| 31 | N_RP* | Number of observations in the RP band. |
| 32 | amp_RP* | Amplitude of variability in the RP band (mag.) |
| 33 | p90_100* | 90th percentile of the first 100 frequency peaks |
| 34 | p99_100* | 99th percentile of the first 100 frequency peaks |
| 35 | rmse_over_ptp_amp* | Root mean square error (RMSE) of the Lomb-Scargle model |
| fit over the peak-to-peak G amplitude | ||
| 36 | parallax ∤ | Gaia parallax |
| 37 | parallax_error ∤ | Gaia parallax error |
| 38 | phot_g_mean_mag ∤ | G-band mean magnitude |
| 39 | phot_g_n_obs ∤ | Number of observation contributing to G photometry |
| 40 | RUWE ∤ | Renormalised unit weight error |
| 41 | num_selected_g_fov | Total number of G FOV transits selected for variability analysis |
| 42 | mean_obs_time_g_fov | Mean observation time for G observations |
| 43 | time_duration_g_fov | Time duration of the G time series |
| 44 | min_mag_g_fov | The minimum value of the G-band time series |
| 45 | max_mag_g_fov | The maximum value of the G-band time series |
| 46 | mean_mag_g_fov | The mean of the G-band time series |
| 47 | median_mag_g_fov | The median of the G-band time series |
| 48 | trimmed_range_mag_g_fov | Trimmed difference between the highest and lowest G-band time series |
| 49 | std_dev_mag_g_fov | Square root of the unweighted G magnitude variance |
| 50 | skewness_mag_g_fov | The standardised unbiased unweighted skewness of the G-band time series |
| 51 | kurtosis_mag_g_fov | The standardised unbiased unweighted kurtosis of the G-band time series |
| 52 | num_selected_bp | Total number of BP observations selected for variability analysis |
| 53 | mean_obs_time_bp | Mean observation time for BP observations |
| 54 | time_duration_bp | Time duration of the BP time series |
| 55 | min_mag_bp | The minimum value of the BP-band time series |
| 56 | max_mag_bp | The maximum value of the BP-band time series |
| 57 | mean_mag_bp | The mean of the BP-band time series |
| 58 | median_mag_bp | The median of the BP-band time series |
| 59 | range_mag_bp | The range of the BP-band time series |
| 60 | trimmed_range_mag_bp | Trimmed difference between the highest and lowest BP-band time series |
| 61 | std_dev_mag_bp | Square root of the unweighted BP magnitude variance |
| 62 | kurtosis_mag_bp | The standardised unbiased unweighted kurtosis of the BP-band time series |
| 63 | mad_mag_bp | The Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) of the BP-band time series |
| 64 | iqr_mag_bp | The Interquartile Range (IQR) of the BP-band time series |
| 65 | stetson_mag_bp | The single-band Stetson variability index |
| 66 | std_dev_over_rms_err_mag_bp | S/N ratio BP estimate |
| 67 | outlier_median_bp | Greatest absolute deviation from the BP median normalised by the error |
| No. | Feature | Description |
| 68 | num_selected_rp | Total number of RP observations selected for variability analysis |
| 69 | mean_obs_time_rp | Mean observation time for RP observations |
| 70 | time_duration_rp | Time duration of the RP time series |
| 71 | min_mag_rp | The minimum value of the RP-band time series |
| 72 | max_mag_rp | The maximum value of the RP-band time series |
| 73 | mean_mag_rp | The mean of the RP-band time series |
| 74 | median_mag_rp | The median of the RP-band time series |
| 75 | range_mag_rp | The range of the RP-band time series |
| 76 | trimmed_range_mag_rp | Trimmed difference between the highest and lowest RP-band time series |
| 77 | std_dev_mag_rp | Square root of the unweighted RP magnitude variance |
| 78 | skewness_mag_rp | The standardised unbiased unweighted skewness of the RP-band time series |
| 79 | kurtosis_mag_rp | The standardised unbiased unweighted kurtosis of the RP-band time series |
| 80 | mad_mag_rp | The Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) of the RP-band time series |
| 81 | iqr_mag_rp | The Interquartile Range (IQR) of the RP-band time series |
| 82 | stetson_mag_rp | The single-band Stetson variability index |
| 83 | std_dev_over_rms_err_mag_rp | S/N ratio RP estimate |
| 84 | outlier_median_rp | Greatest absolute deviation from the RP median normalised by the error |
Notes. Features marked with (*) were computed in this work, those with (∤) are from the Gaia DR3 source database (Gaia Collaboration 2023), while the rest were obtained from the Gaia variability summary table (Eyer et al. 2023). A full description of these Gaia statistics can be found in the Gaia documentation here.
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