F (left), F_pol (middle), and P (right) of the light that is reflected by the model planet with a Saturn-like ring with r_in = 1.2 and r_out = 2.25, b = 1.0, and i = 20° (α_min = 70° and α_max = 110°) as functions of the true anomaly v. The ring inclination longitude λ_r is 0° (first row), 30° (second row), 60° (third row), and 90° (bottom row). For λ_r = 90° the ring is seen edge-on. The ring inclination angle γ is 0° (dash-dot-dot blue), 30° (long dash green), 60° (long-dash-dot red), or 90° (dot-dot purple). For γ = 90°, there is no dependence on λ_r. The black lines show the planet without a ring. The images on the left illustrate the planet with its ring at ν = 0°, i.e., when it is closest to the observer.