Average dust mass evolution with stellar mass and redshift. (left) Average dust mass as a function of the stellar mass in each redshift bin. The circles represent detections (above 3σ), and down-pointing arrows represent 3σ upper limits. The error bars on the dust-mass detections were computed using a combination of different errors (see Sect. 3.4). The error bar along the x-axis represents the 16th to 84th percentile of parameter distribution in the stacked sample. (right) Similar to the left panel, but plotted as a function of redshift in each stellar mass bin. We also show for comparison individual dust-mass measurements detections (da Cunha et al. 2015; Kirkpatrick et al. 2017) and stacking measurements from Santini et al. (2014), Shivaei et al. (2022).