Projection of the CME direction onto the meridional (red) and equatorial (green) planes. The radial direction lies in the red meridional plane by definition (along the line CC′), and the dashed red line shows its projection onto the equatorial plane (CC″). The dashed black line gives the projection of the central cone axis CP (the CME direction in 3D) to the meridional plane (CP′), and the equatorial plane (CP″).