Reassessing the proper motions of M31/M33 with Gaia DR3 - Unravelling systematic uncertainties

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Volume 692 (December 2024)

A&A, 692 (2024) A30

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Table 2

Proper motion of M33 in the heliocentric reference frame.

Sample	Study	Dataset	$μ_{α}^{M 33}$ $\mu _\alpha ^{{\rm{M}}33}$ ( µas yr⁻¹)	$μ_{δ}^{M 33}$ $\mu _\delta ^{{\rm{M}}33}$ ( µas yr⁻¹)
	vdM19	DR2	31.0 ± 24.8	−29.0 ± 22.6

$B_{p m}^{M 33}$ $B_{pm}^{{\rm{M}}33}$	This work	DR2	37.5 ± 31.8(stat) ± 132.9(sys)	−47.7 ± 28.4(stat) ± 121.6(sys)
$B_{p m}^{M 33}$ $B_{pm}^{{\rm{M}}33}$	This work	DR3	67.1 ± 13.0(stat) ± 54.6(sys)	−11.4 ± 9.7(stat) ± 35.2(sys)

$R_{p m}^{M 33}$ $R_{pm}^{{\rm{M}}33}$	This work	DR2	150.0 ± 16.5(stat) ± 87.5(sys)	−46.6 ± 26.1(stat) ± 102.3(sys)
$R_{p m}^{M 33}$ $R_{pm}^{{\rm{M}}33}$	This work	DR3	51.1 ± 15.3(stat) ± 56.8(sys)	11.4 ± 11.9(stat) ± 50.0(sys)

Notes. vdM19 corresponds to van der Marel et al. (2019). $B_{p m}^{M 33} and R_{p m}^{M 33}$ $B_{pm}^{{\rm{M}}33}{\rm{ and }}R_{pm}^{{\rm{M}}33}$ are defined in Section 3.3 of this work.

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