Reassessing the proper motions of M31/M33 with Gaia DR3 - Unravelling systematic uncertainties

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Table 1

Proper motion of M31 in the heliocentric reference frame.

Sample	Study	Dataset	$μ_{α}^{M31}$ $\mu _\alpha ^{{\rm{M31 }}}$ ( µas yr⁻¹)	$μ_{δ}^{M 31}$ $\mu _\delta ^{{\rm{M}}31}$ ( µas yr⁻¹)
	vdM19	DR2	65.0 ± 24.0	−57.0 ± 21.9

B_pm	S21	EDR3	48.0 ± 10.2	−38.4 ± 7.8
	This work	DR2	−12.3 ± 23.1(stat) ± 98.2(sys)	−37.7 ± 27.1(stat) ± 122.3(sys)
	This work	DR3	46.9 ± 11.7(stat) ± 50.6(sys)	−29.1 ± 9.4(stat) ± 35.6(sys)

R_pm	S21	EDR3	41.3 ± 11.8	−87.4 ± 9.2
	This work	DR2	37.1 ± 23.1(stat) ± 93.6(sys)	−134.8 ± 20.7(stat) ± 79.1(sys)
	This work	DR3	42.2 ± 11.3(stat) ± 35.6(sys)	−75.0 ± 10.3(stat) ± 32.8(sys)

Notes. vdM19 corresponds to van der Marel et al. (2019). B_pm and R_pm are defined in S21 (Salomon et al. 2021) and in Section 2 of this work.

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