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Table 1

Observations and molecular properties.

Molecules N2D+ o-H2D+ N2H+
Quantum numbers (3−2) (110−111) (4−3)
Rest frequencies (MHz)(a) 231 321.67 372421.39 372672.51
Beam size (″) 26 17 17
δν (km s−1) 0.5 0.5 0.5
〈rms〉 (K)(b) 0.02 0.03 0.06
References(c) [1] [2] [1]

log10 [ncr (cm−3)](d) 5.5 5.0 5.9
Eup (K)(e) 22.2 17.9 44.7
log10[Aul (s−1)](e) −3.36 −3.96 −2.51
ɡu(e) 63 9 81

 Detection rates {  Quiescent  Protostellar  YSO  PDR  ${\rm{ Detection rates }}\left\{ {\matrix{ {{\rm{ Quiescent }}} \cr {{\rm{ Protostellar }}} \cr {{\rm{ YSO }}} \cr {{\rm{ PDR }}} \cr } } \right.$ 100% 80% 100%
88% 13% 100%
67% 10% 100%
56% 22% 100%

Notes. (a) The rest frequencies are taken from Amano & Hirao (2005) for o-H2D+, and from Amano et al. (2005) for N2H+ and N2D+. b)Temperatures are reported on the main-beam temperature scale. (c)[1] this work; [2] Sabatini et al. (2020). (d) Critical densities computed for a temperature <20 K, considering downward collision rates in a multilevel system. The collisional rates are taken from Hugo et al. (2009) for o-H2D+, Balanca et al. (2020) for N2D+ and Lin et al. (2020) for N2H+. (e)ɡu is the statistical weight. Spectroscopic data from The Cologne Database for Molecular Spectroscopy (Müller et al. 2005). Note: the upper level energy of the o-H2D+ is defined here with respect to o-H2D+ 111 level (see Vastel et al. 2006).

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