Distribution of the observed LyC–to–non-ionising–UV flux ratio, ℛ_obs, exhibited by our final sample of 148 star-forming galaxies (see Sect. 2). The dashed line marks the median observed flux ratio of the sample. This distribution constitutes the observed data in our Bayesian inference framework (see Sect. 4), and thus provides the fundamental observational constraint on estimates relating to the escape fraction. The figure was adapted from Begley et al. (2022).