The top panel shows the DM residuals obtained by applying DM GP (with RN modeling) to an individual simulation over the 100 realizations for values of the noise parameters A_RN = −13.6, A_DM = −13.3, γ_RN = 3.7, γ_DM = 8/3, EFAC and EQUAD as in Table 1, and σ_ToA = 5 µs. The second panel reports an average of the DM residuals left by DM GP over the 100 simulations performed with the same parameters. The bottom panel shows the injected RN signal (red dots) compared to the time delay associated with the mean DM GP (shaded green). Note that we have a shaded region because a single DM value causes a frequency-dependent delay. Hence, the edges of the green region correspond to the maximum and minimum frequencies of the band.