Simulations carried out with injected values of γ_RN, A_RN, and γ_DM of, respectively, 3.7, −13.3, and 8/3. The columns are associated with increasing values of A_DM, left to right (as is indicated at the bottom). First row: 1 out of the 100 simulated timing residuals with a color map associated with the observing frequency (as is reported in the top right corner). Second row: injected RN signal. Third row: 1 out of the 100 different injections of the DM time series. On the right y axis, we report the corresponding time delay at the reference frequency of 150 MHz. Fourth row: Power spectra of the injected noise processes; WN (black), RN (red), and DM variations at LOFAR central frequency of the band of ~150 MHz (light blue). The dashed vertical gray lines are the 30 Fourier frequency bins.