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Fig. 2.

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Intrinsic SEDs for the central engine. The dotted green line represents the mean ADAF from Nemmen et al. (2014). The dashed black line depicts the parametrization by Schartmann et al. (2005), commonly used in CIGALE for QSOs with standard accretion disks. The solid lines represent our new parametrization, transitioning from a blue line illustrating the pure ADAF (δAGN = 0) to a red line indicating a pure standard accretion disk (δAGN = 1). Intermediate values represent a transition where the ADAF and a truncated accretion disk contribute to the SED. At lower δAGN, the truncated accretion disk exhibits strong infrared emission, consistent with the cooler outer orbits of an accretion disk. As δAGN increases, the spectrum also includes contributions from the hotter internal orbits, producing more UV-optical photons. The blue-shaded regions denote the wavelength ranges where the other modules of CIGALE operate, specifically X-ray on the left and radio on the right.

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