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Table 2

Material parameters of the constructed ballistic aggregates.

Carbon: amorphous (a-C) Silicate: quartz (q-S) Silicate: composite (co-S) Forsterite 31% Fayalite 29% Enstatite 20% ferrosilite 20%
γ (mJ m 2) 50(11) 20 (1) 70 70 (4) 70 (4) 70 (4) 70 (4)
E (GPa) 168 (9,10) 54 (1,3) 169 204 (6,8) 140 (6) 180 (6) 142 (7)
ν 0.16(9) 0.17(1,3) 0.27 0.24(2,6,8) 0.32 (2,6) 0.21 (2,6) 0.31 (7)
ρmat (kg m–3) 2368 (9,11) 2650 (1,3) 3707 3213 (2,5,14) 4393 (2,5,14) 3209 (2,5,14) 4014 (5,7,14)

Notes. The table lists the surface energy γ, Young’s modulus E, Poisson ratio ν, and material density ρmat for the monomer materials of amorphous carbon (a-C), pure quartz (q-S), and composite silicate (co-S) considered in our N-body simulations. The co-S material is assumed to consist of a mixture of the different minerals of forsterite, fayalite, enstatite, and ferrosilite, respectively. For all the materials, we assume a critical rolling displacement of ξcrit = 0.2 nm(1,3) and a viscous dumping time of Tvis = 5 ps (1,12,13). References: (1) Seizinger et al. (2012), (2) Christensen (1996), (3) Dominik & Tielens (1997), (4) Bogdan et al. (2020), (5) Williams & Jadwick (1980), (6) Petrovic (2001), (7) Mitchell (2004), (8) Gouriet et al. (2019), (9) Jensen et al. (2015), (10) Remediakis et al. (2007), (11) Zebda et al. (2008), (12) Krijt et al. (2013), (13) Seizinger et al. (2013a), (14) Cardarelli (2008).

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