Fig. D.1.

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Illustrations of possible scenarios that could trigger the beamed radio ECM emission along a wide cone. The yellow lines qualitatively mark the flux tubes at the footprints from which ECM emits radio-beamed emission, marked by the gray cones. In all cases, the orbit of the occulting material is seen nearly edge-on by the observer, which explains the optical dips. Left: Non-Io decametric-like emission, for which the occulting object might be only an indirect source of plasma. Center: Approximately corotating, evaporating planet causing optical dips, with a very inclined orbit. Right: Same as the center, but for a complex, multipolar stellar magnetic field planetary orbit orthogonal to the stellar rotation axis.
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