Fig. 9

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Snapshots of the (Lz, L⊥) distribution at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gyr of integration for 319 particles with Helmi-Stream-like phase-space positions, selected from the re-centred Progenitor 4 by Koppelman et al. (2019b), in a potential with a triaxial NFW halo with p = 1.02 and q = 1.18. The colourbar indicates the variation in Lz, calculated over an integration time of 100 Gyr. At t = 0 Gyr, the (Lz, L⊥) distribution of the particles is positively correlated. The particles with ΔLz ≳ 2000 are on y-tube orbits, meaning their Lz is no longer conserved, making them move towards lower Lz in time with respect to the particles on z-tube orbits, which have ΔLz ≲ 1000. Particles with high initial L⊥ are strongly trapped by the Ωϕ : Ωz = 1:1 resonance (selected as ΔLy, z ≲ 750), and are encircled in green. A video, showing the behaviour of the particles in (Lz, L⊥) space over time, is available online.
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