Fig. 4.

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Collection of ionizing photon production efficiency measurements as a function of the absolute ultraviolet magnitude. The sources studied in this work extend to the lowest luminosity limits and have been observed in their bursty phase. The data were retrieved from Emami et al. (2020), Castellano et al. (2023), Izotov et al. (2024), Bouwens et al. (2016), Shivaei et al. (2018), Harshan et al. (2024), Lam et al. (2019), Atek et al. (2024), Álvarez-Márquez et al. (2024), and Fujimoto et al. (2024), and the linear fit (solid line) from the work of Prieto-Lyon et al. (2023). The open and solid symbols from Harshan et al. (2024) refer to NIRCam- and NIRSpec-based measurements, respectively. T2c is indicated at the 3 (filled red circle) and 5 (red dotted circle) sigma lower limits.
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