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Fig. 14.

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Brightness maps from the ESPaDOnS 2016, 2019, and SPIRou data sets (left, middle, and right, respectively) on a flattened polar view. The central dot is thus the pole, the two dotted circles are latitude 60 and 30°, and the solid circle represents the equator. The black ticks show the clockwise rotation phases, and the red ticks represent the observed phases. The colour-code indicates the brightness on a linear scale, where a value of 1.0 represents the quiet photosphere. Values lower than one are darker regions, and values greater than one are bright.

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