Same as in Fig. 5, but for the SFMS. Dashed red contours are the test SFMS (i.e., the true values), solid blue is the predicted one. Contour levels are the same as reported in Fig. 5. The lines are the ODR best-fit to the passive-removed distribution (dashed for test SFMS, solid for predicted). The reported metrics are the SFMS slope, scatter, and fraction of passive galaxies, defined in Sect. 3.6.