G-band surface brightness, I_G, from the Gaia DR3 catalog (left) and from the HIPPARCOS stars not in DR3 (right). To ease the visualization of the HIPPARCOS contribution, both maps are been smoothed with a Gaussian of FWHM equal to the pixel size. All maps in this work are shown in Galactic coordinates and Mollweide projection (the extent of each map being delimited by Galactic latitude b = −90° at bottom and b = 90° at top, and by Galactic longitude l = −180° at right and l = 180° at left, respectively).