Constrained cosmological simulations of the Local Group using Bayesian hierarchical field-level inference

Home

All issues

Volume 691 (November 2024)

A&A, 691 (2024) A348

Full HTML

Open Access

Table 1.

A summary of the selection requirements of some notable past Local Group simulations.

	M_tot	M_halo	$\frac{M_{M31}}{M_{MW}}$ $\frac{M_\text{M31}}{M_\text{MW}}$	d	v_rad	v_tan	r_iso	LSS	Δx_LSS	Extra req.	N	Hydro
	10¹² M_⊙	10¹² M_⊙		Mpc	km s⁻¹	km s⁻¹	Mpc		Mpc
APOSTLE⁽¹⁾	1.6–4	–	–	0.6–1.0	−250 to 0	< 100	2.5	–	–	^(a)	12 in (100 Mpc)³	yes
ELVIS⁽²⁾	2–5	1–3	–	0.6–1.0	< 0	–	2.8	–	–	^(b)	146 in 50 sims of (70.4 Mpc)³	yes
Clues⁽³⁾	< 7.1	> 0.71	–	0.43–2.1	–	–	3.6	CF-II	< 7.1	^(c)	42/300 (51 without filament criterion)	no
Hestia⁽⁴⁾	–	0.8–3	0.5–2	0.5–1.2	< 0	–	2	CF-II	< 3.5	^(d)	13/1000	yes
Sibelius⁽⁵⁾ ‘Intermediate’	1.5–5	–	$\frac{2}{3}$ $\frac{2}{3}$ –3	0.6–1.0	−150 to −50	< 100	2	BORG 2M++	< 5	^(e)	82/60000 (489 without angle criterion)	no
Sibelius⁽⁵⁾ ‘Strict’	2–4	–	1–2	0.74–0.8	−109 to −99	< 40	2	BORG 2M++	< 5	^(e)	0/60000 (1 without angle criterion)	no

Notes.

^(a)

Hubble flow at 2.5 Mpc within ∼80 km s⁻¹ and slope within 30 km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹ of LG values.

^(b)

No haloes with M > 7 × 10¹³ M_⊙ within 7 Mpc.

^(c)

Reduced angular momentum and energy within 2σ of observations. Embedded in a filament.

^(d)

Virgo cluster with mass > 2 × 10¹⁴ M_⊙, and no other more massive cluster within < 20 Mpc of Virgo.

^(e)

Virgo present in selected BORG sample. M31-MW axis within 30° (‘Strict’: 15°) of true M31-MW axis with respect to LSS constraints.

Criteria are set on the total mass of the two haloes M_tot, the individual halo masses M_halo, the mass ratio $\frac{M_{M31}}{M_{MW}}$ $\frac{M_\text{M31}}{M_\text{MW}}$ , the M31-MW distance d, and the radial (v_rad) and tangential (v_tan) velocities. For isolation, each simulation requires that there is no more massive halo than the smaller one of the pair within a sphere of radius r_iso. In case the large-scale initial condition field was set, LSS lists the large-scale structure data used for the initial conditions, and Δx_LSS sets how far the LG is allowed to vary from its observed position (the origin in these simulations). Any extra requirements are listed below the table. We note that N gives the number of halo pairs or simulations with a LG analogue satisfying all criteria, and ‘Hydro’ indicates whether resimulations with hydro are available.

References: (1) Fattahi et al. (2016); (2) Garrison-Kimmel et al. (2014); (3) Carlesi et al. (2016); (4) Libeskind et al. (2020); (5) Sawala et al. (2022).

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.