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Fig. A.2

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The left panel compares the distribution of the velocity dispersion (σ) in the lens galaxies for unresolved (blue) and resolved (orange) systems. The right panel shows 2D distribution of lens galaxies in the velocity dispersion vs redshift plane, separately for unresolved (blue) and resolved (orange) systems. Darker and lighter shades correspond to the 68% and 95% confidence intervals, respectively. Since velocity dispersion serves as a proxy for the mass of elliptical galaxies, the combined insights from both panels indicate that lenses in unresolved systems are either lower-mass galaxies, similarly massive galaxies at higher redshifts, or a mix of both factors.

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