Particle energy spectra of the SOLPACS simulation results for the two-component injection case with suprathermal protons being injected at 10 keV and energetic protons being sampled from the Band function shown in Fig. 5, and the observational data from Solar Orbiter/EPT. Half of the temporally evolved background particle intensity (dotted black line) has been subtracted from the observational data to account for the background particles that have not yet reached the shock. The time of the simulation snapshot is shown in arbitrary units at the top. The top panel shows an intermediate snapshot of simulation progress, where the particles have not yet had the time to be accelerated to high enough energies to match the observations. The bottom panel shows the simulation steady state, where close correspondence to the observations can be seen.