Comparison between our DMD (derived using the CIGALE dust masses) and the predictions from simulations. The solid purple line shows the DMD by Gioannini et al. (2017), and the dashed purple line represents the prediction by Popping et al. (2017). The dotted magenta line shows the prediction by Aoyama et al. (2018), the dotted cyan line shows the DMD predicted by Vijayan et al. (2019), the dotted light green curve shows the results by Triani et al. (2020), the dotted red line shows the prediction by Li et al. (2019), and the solid pink line shows the DMD from Yates et al. (2024). The dashed gray, light blue, yellow, green, and blue lines are the DMDs estimated using the models by Parente et al. (2023) with different prescriptions.