Torque map in the spirit of BLP18 showing the logarithm of the pebble-driven torque, Γp, scaled by the magnitude of the gas-driven torque, |Γ_g|. Grey patches correspond to parameter combinations for which Γ_p < 0. Circles mark the simulations that are discussed in detail in Figs. 3 and 4, while crosses mark the simulation analysed in Figs. E.1 and E.2. Top: multi-fluid simulations with FARGO 3D (set MfaE1) using the planetary potential smoothing length є = 1 R_H for both gas and pebbles, and the material exclusion radius for the torque calculation R_c = 0.5 R_H. Middle: simulations with Lagrangian superparticles representing pebbles (set MspE1). Parameters are the same as in the top panel, except for the time span of 200 orbital periods. Bottom: simulations with Lagrangian superparticles avoiding the potential smoothing for pebbles (set MspE0), R_c = 0.1 R_H, and allowing for pebble accretion.