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Fig. E.1

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Temporal evolution of the pebble-to-gas torque for simulations MfaE1_M0.7St0.264 (dashed red curve) and MspE1_M0.7St0.264 (grey curve). The linear decrease in the pebble torque is directly related to the accumulation of pebbles in a filament trailing the planet (see Fig. E.2).

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