The K2-24 planetary system revisited by CHEOPS | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)

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Table 4

Posterior and derived parameters of the K2-24 system from the dynamical fit with TRADES (Section 4).

Parameter (unit)	MAP (HDI±1σ)	Prior	P18
Host star K2-24
M_★ (M_⊙)	${1.041}_{- 0.016}^{+ 0.067}$ $1.041_{ - 0.016}^{ + 0.067}$	𝒢(1.091, 0.056)	1.07 ± 0.06^(*)

Planet K2-24b
M_b/M_⋆	$(59_{- 1}^{+ 2}) \cdot 10^{- 6}$ $\left( {59_{ - 1}^{ + 2}} \right) \cdot {10^{ - 6}}$	𝒰(8.8 ⋅ 10^–8, 2.8 ⋅ 10^–3)	–
M_b/M_⊕	${20.6}_{- 0.3}^{+ 1.6}$ $20.6_{ - 0.3}^{ + 1.6}$	(derived)	${19.0}_{- 2.1}^{+ 2.2}$ $19.0_{ - 2.1}^{ + 2.2}$
P_b at T_ref (days)	${20.88257}_{- 0.00000}^{+ 0.00005}$ $20.88257_{ - 0.00000}^{ + 0.00005}$	𝒰(18, 22)	–
⟨Pb ⟩^(§) (days)	20.8895961 ± 0.0000096^(§)	(derived)	${20.88977}_{- 0.00035}^{+ 0.00034}$ $20.88977_{ - 0.00035}^{ + 0.00034}$
$\sqrt{e_{b}} \cos ω_{b}$ $\sqrt {{e_b}} \cos {\omega _b}$	${0.221}_{- 0.004}^{+ 0.003}$ $0.221_{ - 0.004}^{ + 0.003}$	$U (- \sqrt{0.5}, \sqrt{0.5})$ ${\cal U}( - \sqrt {0.5} ,\sqrt {0.5} )$	–
$\sqrt{e_{b}} \sin ω_{b}$ $\sqrt {{e_b}} \sin {\omega _b}$	$- {0.0318}_{- 0.0016}^{+ 0.0013}$ $- 0.0318_{ - 0.0016}^{ + 0.0013}$	$U (- \sqrt{0.5}, \sqrt{0.5})$ ${\cal U}( - \sqrt {0.5} ,\sqrt {0.5} )$	–
λ_b(deg)	${250.61}_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.22}$ $250.61_{ - 0.13}^{ + 0.22}$	𝒰(0,360)	–
ℳ_b (deg)	${78.8}_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.8}$ $78.8_{ - 0.5}^{ + 0.8}$	(derived)	–
e_b	${0.0498}_{- 0.0018}^{+ 0.0011}$ $0.0498_{ - 0.0018}^{ + 0.0011}$	(derived)	0.06 ± 0.01
ω_b	${351.8}_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.4}$ $351.8_{ - 0.5}^{ + 0.4}$	(derived)	–
ρ_b (cgs)	${0.632}_{- 0.023}^{+ 0.054}$ $0.632_{ - 0.023}^{ + 0.054}$	(derived)	${0.64}_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.12}$ $0.64_{ - 0.10}^{ + 0.12}$
T_eq (K)	732 ± 11	(derived)	–
TSM	62 ± 5	(derived)	–

Planet K2-24c
M_c/M_⋆	$({47.3}_{- 0.8}^{+ 1.8}) \cdot 10^{- 6}$ $\left( {47.3_{ - 0.8}^{ + 1.8}} \right) \cdot {10^{ - 6}}$	𝒰(8.8 ⋅ 10^–8, 2.8 ⋅ 10^–3)	–
M_c/M_⊕	${16.4}_{- 0.2}^{+ 1.3}$ $16.4_{ - 0.2}^{ + 1.3}$	(derived)	${15.4}_{- 1.8}^{+ 1.9}$ $15.4_{ - 1.8}^{ + 1.9}$
P_c at T_ref (days)	${42.3773}_{- 0.0004}^{+ 0.0005}$ $42.3773_{ - 0.0004}^{ + 0.0005}$	𝒰(40, 44)	–
⟨P_c ⟩^(§) (days)	42.34732 ± 0.00018^(§)	(derived)	42.3391 ± 0.0012
$\sqrt{e_{c}} \cos ω_{c}$ $\sqrt {{e_c}} \cos {\omega _c}$	$- {0.1268}_{- 0.012}^{+ 0.0058}$ $- 0.1268_{ - 0.012}^{ + 0.0058}$	$U (- \sqrt{0.5}, \sqrt{0.5})$ ${\cal U}( - \sqrt {0.5} ,\sqrt {0.5} )$	–
$\sqrt{e_{c}} \sin ω_{c}$ $\sqrt {{e_c}} \sin {\omega _c}$	${0.110}_{- 0.002}^{+ 0.00}$ $0.110_{ - 0.002}^{ + 0.00}$	$U (- \sqrt{0.5}, \sqrt{0.5})$ ${\cal U}( - \sqrt {0.5} ,\sqrt {0.5} )$	–
λ_c (deg)	${182.15}_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.03}$ $182.15_{ - 0.13}^{ + 0.03}$	𝒰(0, 360)	–
ℳ_c (deg)	${223.1}_{- 0.6}^{+ 2.3}$ $223.1_{ - 0.6}^{ + 2.3}$	(derived)	–
e_c	${0.0282}_{- 0.0007}^{+ 0.0003}$ $0.0282_{ - 0.0007}^{ + 0.0003}$	(derived)	<0.07 (90% conf.)^(†)
ω_c	${139.0}_{- 2.5}^{+ 0.6}$ $139.0_{ - 2.5}^{ + 0.6}$	(derived)	–
ρ_c (cgs)	${0.181}_{- 0.009}^{+ 0.017}$ $0.181_{ - 0.009}^{ + 0.017}$	(derived)	${0.20}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.04}$ $0.20_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.04}$
T_eq (K)	591 ± 12	(derived)	–
TSM	177 ± 16	(derived)	–

Candidate K2-24d
M_d/M_⋆	$(155_{- 13}^{+ 19}) \cdot 10^{- 6}$ $\left( {155_{ - 13}^{ + 19}} \right) \cdot {10^{ - 6}}$	𝒰(8.8 ⋅ 10^–8, 2.8 ⋅ 10^–3)	–
M_d/M_⊕	$54_{- 4}^{+ 9}$ $54_{ - 4}^{ + 9}$	(derived)	52 ± 14
P_d (days)	$469_{15}^{+ 10}$ $469_{15}^{ + 10}$	𝒰(100, 1000)	440?^(‡)
λ_d (deg)	$83_{- 12}^{+ 15}$ $83_{ - 12}^{ + 15}$	𝒰(0, 360)	–
ℳ_d (deg)	$173_{- 12}^{+ 12}$ $173_{ - 12}^{ + 12}$	(derived)	–
e_d	0.00	(circular)	(circular)

Jitter and offset terms
γHIRES (m/s)	${1.1}_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.4}$ $1.1_{ - 0.4}^{ + 0.4}$	𝒰(–5000, 5000)	–
γHARPS (m/s)	${763.1}_{- 0.9}^{+ 0.6}$ $763.1_{ - 0.9}^{ + 0.6}$	𝒰(–5000, 5000)	–
γPFS (m/s)	${5.3}_{- 1.0}^{+ 0.8}$ $5.3_{ - 1.0}^{ + 0.8}$	𝒰(–5000, 5000)	–
jHIRES (m/s)	${3.2}_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.4}$ $3.2_{ - 0.2}^{ + 0.4}$	𝒰(10^–15, 100)	–
jHARPS (m/s)	${0.0}_{- 0.0}^{+ 0.0}$ $0.0_{ - 0.0}^{ + 0.0}$	𝒰(10^–15, 100)	–
jPFS (m/s)	${3.3}_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.6}$ $3.3_{ - 0.6}^{ + 0.6}$	𝒰(10^–15, 100)	–

Notes. All the parameters were computed at the reference time T_ref = 2 456 905 BJD_TDB. The columns give the parameter name, the MAP value of the posterior distribution and its 1-σ HDI, the adopted prior, and the best-fit values from P18 for comparison (when available).^(*) Derived from spectroscopy; not a fitted parameter within the P18 dynamical model. ^(§)Average orbital period corresponding to the MAP model computed by TRADES. ^(†)The value of e_c from P18 was derived by assuming a prior based on the distribution of ⟨e⟩ observed in Kepler multi-planet systems.^(‡) The best-fit period P_d and its associated uncertainty are not explicitly reported by P18.

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