TTV modeling of K2-24b (left panels) and K2-24c (right panels). Top panel: (O – C) diagram, calculated by subtracting the T₀ predicted by the linear ephemeris to the observed transit times (K2, Spitzer, HST, CHEOPS). The O – C values computed from the observed T₀s are plotted with different solid colors and marker shapes, while the O – C values computed at the same epochs by the best-fit TRADES dynamical model (Section 4) are plotted as black open circles. Samples drawn from the posterior distribution from TRADES within HDI are shown as gray lines. Bottom panel: Residuals computed as the difference between observed and simulated T₀s.