Fig. 2.

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Extinction-corrected specific intensities fλ observable at Earth from a RSG (in red) and BSG (in blue) located at z = 0.01, as expected from the model in Equation (3). As input of the computation, fiducial parameters are used for RSGs R* = 722 R⊙, E = 1051 erg, Mej = 2.8 M⊙, and fρ = 1.455, and for BSGs R* = 50 R⊙, Mej = 10 M⊙, fρ = 0.0465, and E = 1051 erg. The solid lines show the expected emission with the median Galactic extinction EB − V = 0.04, and the corresponding shaded region scans within the minimum and maximum extinction values, i.e., EB − V = 0.01 and EB − V = 0.25, respectively (see Figure 1). The vertical shaded bands represent the wavelength range covered by each instrument: ULTRASAT (in grey), and ZTF with g filter (in cyan), r filter (in yellow), and i filter (in red). The dashed horizontal grey and black lines define of the two instruments, obtained following Equation (7). Panels a–f refer to different evolution times, from 30 minutes to 20 days after the SBO event, highlighting for each stellar progenitor the time range when the emission becomes visible to ULTRASAT and ZTF. The temporal evolution from one minute to 30 days of fλ coming from RSGs and BSGs shown here is available as an online animation (supplementary material in the digital version of the paper).
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