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Fig. 2.

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Two-dimensional χeffq histograms of BH–BH merger rate density d R BHBH d q d χ eff $ \frac{\mathrm{d}R_{\mathrm{BHBH}}}{\mathrm{d}q\mathrm{d} \chi_{\mathrm{eff}}} $[Gpc−3yr−1] up to redshifts zmer < 1.0 in our default model with the revised mass transfer stability criteria (Pavlovskii et al. 2017; Olejak et al. 2021). The BH–BH mergers have been produced via SMT (black and blue colors) and CE (green and red colors) subchannels. The formation of highly spinning mergers with χeff ⪆ 0.15 was followed by a tidal spin-up phase in close BH-helium core binaries (blue and red colors).

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