Open Access

Table 1

Notations used in this work.

Quantity Notation
Light speed, elementary charge c, e
Frequency, wavenumber ω, k
Magnetic field strength B
Particle species α (e, i, cr)
(electron, proton, CRs)
Mass, charge, momentum mα qα, pα
Lorentz factor γα=1+(pα/mαc)2$\[\gamma_\alpha=\sqrt{1+\left(p_\alpha / m_\alpha c\right)^2}\]$
Gyrofrequency Ωα=qαB/γαmαc=Ωcα/γα$\[\Omega_\alpha=q_\alpha B / \gamma_\alpha m_\alpha c=\Omega_{c \alpha} / \gamma_\alpha\]$
Gyroradius RL,α = c
Background density ni = ne
Beam density ncr
Alfvén velocity VA=B/4πnimi$\[V_{\mathrm{A}}=B / \sqrt{4 \pi n_{\mathrm{i}} m_i}\]$
Drift velocity VD
Electron/ion temperature (background) Te,i = θbg mec2/kB
Electron plasma frequency ωpe=4πnee2/me$\[\omega_{\mathrm{pe}}=\sqrt{4 \pi n_{\mathrm{e}} e^2 / m_{\mathrm{e}}}\]$
Electron skin-depth de = c/ωpe

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