Fig. 4

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Saturation level of the magnetic fluctuations. Panel a: wave saturation intensity as function of ncr/ni. Blue circles present the results from 1D3V PIC simulations. The red dashed line follows the scaling from Eq. (17) that balances the momentum loss by CRs with momentum gained by waves. The data point at ncr/ni = 10−3 is a lower limit as the simulation ended before a saturated state was reached. Panel b: same but varying mi/me at fixed ncr/ni = 10−2 (blue symbols) and ncr/ni = 5 × 10−3 (red symbols).
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