Kinetic simulations of electron–positron induced streaming instability in the context of gamma-ray halos around pulsars

Open Access

Fig. 1

Overall evolution of the instability in time, for the Fid run. Top panel: wave energy evolution. Blue and red lines depict the evolution of transversal perturbations $δ B_{y}^{2} / B_{0}^{2}$ $\[\delta B_y^2 / B_0^2\]$ and $δ B_{z}^{2} / B_{0}^{2}$ $\[\delta B_z^2 / B_0^2\]$ , respectively. The yellow line corresponds to the level of electrostatic fluctuations $E_{x}^{2} / B_{0}^{2}$ $\[E_x^2 / B_0^2\]$ . Bottom panel: mean velocity evolution of different species. Blue and red lines correspond to the background ions and electrons, respectively. The yellow and magenta lines show the evolution of the drift velocity of beam positrons and electrons, respectively.

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