λ_h, − c_p parameter space of acoustic-gravity waves. λ_h is the horizontal wavelength and c_p is the horizontal phase speed. For the acoustic wave branch, ω > ω_a and c_p > c_s, where ω and c_s refer to the wave frequency and local sound speed, respectively. For the gravity wave branch, ω < ω_b and c_p < c_sω_b/ω_a. Here ω_a and ω_b, represent the acoustic cutoff and Brunt-Väisälä frequency, respectively. The two wave branches are bounded by two solid curves along which the vertical wavenum-ber $\left(k_z^l\right)$ is equal to zero. To compare the model result with spacecraft observation, three wave sets for each acoustic and gravity wave branch are selected, whose $k_z^l$ are 0.11, 0.32, and 0.99 km⁻¹ and −0.07, −0.19, and −0.5 km⁻¹, respectively. Two characteristic wave modes named by “AW” and “GW” and marked by “★” and “×", respectively, are selected to examine the impact of acoustic-gravity waves on the ionosphere. The period, horizontal wavelength, and phase speed are 4.2 min, 80 km, and 321 m s⁻¹ for “AW” and 39.4 min, 210 km, and 89 m s⁻¹ for “GW”.