Probing particle acceleration in Abell 2256: From 16 MHz to gamma rays

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Table 3.

Radio halos detected over a large frequency range.

Name	Frequency	Spectral index ^(a)	Curvature	σ_2D^(b)	Mass	Reference
	[MHz]				[10¹⁴ M_⊙]
Abell 2256	23–1500	$α_{23}^{1500} = - 1.56 \pm 0.02$ $\alpha_{23}^{1500} = -1.56 \pm 0.02$	No	≈0.2	6.2 ± 0.1	This work
Bullet cluster	1100–3100	$α_{1100}^{3100} = - 1.1 \pm 0.2$ $\alpha_{1100}^{3100} = -1.1 \pm 0.2$	No	–	13.1 ± 0.29	Shimwell et al. (2014), Sikhosana et al. (2023)
Toothbrush cluster	147–4900	$α_{147}^{4900} = - 1.15 \pm 0.06$ $\alpha_{147}^{4900} = -1.15 \pm 0.06$	No	< 0.04	10.8 ± 0.45	van Weeren et al. (2012b)
Abell 2744	325–1500	$α_{325}^{1500} = - 1.32 \pm 0.14$ $\alpha_{325}^{1500} = -1.32 \pm 0.14$	No	–	9.8 ± 0.4	Pearce et al. (2017)
Abell S1063	325–3000	$α_{325}^{1500} = - 0.94 \pm 0.08$ $\alpha_{325}^{1500} = -0.94 \pm 0.08$	Yes	–	11.4 ± 0.34	Xie et al. (2020)
Coma cluster	30–5000	$α_{144}^{342} = - 1.0 \pm 0.2$ $\alpha_{144}^{342} = -1.0 \pm 0.2$	Yes	–	7.2 ± 0.1	Bonafede et al. (2022)
MACS J0717.5+3745	144–1500	$α_{144}^{1500} = - 1.39 \pm 0.04$ $\alpha_{144}^{1500} = -1.39 \pm 0.04$	Yes	≈0.3	11.5 ± 0.5	Rajpurohit et al. (2021a)

Notes.

^(a)

In case the spectrum is curved, only the spectral index measured below the break frequency, is given.

^(b)

Observed spatial scatter in the spectral index.

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